THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL OF TANZANIA

ADVANCED CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

133/1 BIOLOGY 1

(For Both Private and School Candidates)

Duration: 3 Hour Year: 2024

Instructions

1. This paper consists of section A and B with a total of ten (10) questions.
2. Answer all questions in section A and two (2) questions from section B
3. Section A carries seventy(70) marks and section B carries thirty(30) marks
4. All writing must be in black or blue ink except drawings which must be in pencil
5. Communication devices and any unauthorized are not allowed in the examination room
6. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).

1. (a) A Form Five student was provided with a sample containing globular protein to identify its features. Which five features did the student identify?

(b) Denatured protein molecules lose both their three-dimensional structure and functions. Explain five ways which you would use to prevent denaturation.

2. (a) Explain how water is used in each of the following processes in the human body:

1. Transportation
2. Removal of wastes
3. Secretion
4. Hearing and balance

(b) Use one point in each case to justify the need for animal cells to possess each of the following organelles/structures.

1. Peroxisomes
2. Lysosomes
3. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
4. Glycocalyx

3. (a) Draw a diagram of a synapse and label its four parts.

(b) Use four points to show how the structure of a synapse is adapted for transmission of impulses.

4. (a) Anaerobic respiration is a wasteful process, especially in animal cells, where it produces only 2 ATP from the breakdown of a glucose molecule. Propose a way in which the process can be prevented.

(b) Evaluate the number of ATP produced in each stage of respiration (Glycolysis, Krebs' cycle, and Electron transport chain) when a glucose molecule is completely oxidized to make a total of 38 ATP.

5. (a) A woman gave birth to three babies in a single pregnancy (triplets). The two babies were genetically identical, while one was different. She wondered how it was possible. In seven points, explain how the triplets resulted.

(b) In mammals, giving birth involves three processes, namely dilation of the cervix, expulsion of the fetus with the head first, and expulsion of the placenta. Give an importance of each stage.

6. (a) Use five points to show the importance of classifying organisms.

6. (b) Use five points to support the statement that artificial systems of classification are not preferred by scientists.

7. (a) Hydrochloric acid is one of the components of gastric juice produced by the stomach wall during digestion of food. Give seven points to show its importance in digestion of food in human being.

7. (b) Give three points to justify the need for secretion of mucus in the stomach epithelial and gastric glands.

8. Describe the process of water uptake from the soil to the xylem.

9. A certain couple stayed together for ten consecutive years and wishes to have children but they could not. Explain the possible causes of the problem for each partner.

10. Draw a diagram to show the path taken by the air from the nose to the alveolar and explain six adaptations of alveoli for gaseous exchange.

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL OF TANZANIA

ADVANCED CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

 133/2 BIOLOGY 2

(For Both Private and School Candidates)

Duration: 3 Hour Year: 2024

Instructions

1. This paper consists of six(06) questions.
2. Answer five(05) questions
3. Each question carries twenty(20) marks.
4. All writing must be in black or blue ink except drawings which must be in pencil
5. Communication devices and any unauthorized are not allowed in the examination room
6. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).

1. Identify four classes of the phylum to which a crab belongs and analyze four characteristics of each class.

2. Describe four factors which determine the form in which nitrogenous wastes are eliminated in animals.

3. A viable bean seed was placed in the soil. After seven days, the seed developed into a seedling.

(a) Explain physiological processes which led to the development of the seedling.

(b) Analyze four external conditions that enabled the development of the seedling.

4. (a) Account for six successes of Mendel’s work in genetics.

(b) The following table shows blood transfusion in relation to the Rhesus factor. Assess the compatibility of the blood by putting in each cell a tick (✓) if there is no agglutination or a cross (✖) if agglutination will occur.

5. Describe any four theories of the origin of life.

6. Describe the following types of the world biomes based on their characteristics and distribution.

1. Chaparral:
2. Tropical savannah:
3. Grassland:
4. Desert: