THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL OF TANZANIA

ADVANCED CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

133/1 BIOLOGY 1

(For Both Private and School Candidates)

Duration: 3 Hour Year: 2023

Instructions

1. This paper consists of section A and B with a total of ten (10) questions.
2. Answer all questions in section A and two (2) questions from section B
3. Section A carries seventy(70) marks and section B carries thirty(30) marks
4. All writing must be in black or blue ink except drawings which must be in pencil
5. Communication devices and any unauthorized are not allowed in the examination room
6. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).

1. (a) A Form Five student studied the features of various organelles within an animal cell. After the study, the student said, "A mitochondrion can be regarded as a cell within the cell." Justify this statement by giving four points.

(b) Draw the diagram of a mitochondrion and label six parts.

2. (a) What will happen if a pleural membrane is severely damaged? Give three points.

2. (b) The mammalian lungs are made up of sac-like structures called alveoli, which are very efficient in gaseous exchange. Why are the alveoli very efficient? Briefly explain by giving seven points.

3. (a) A young scientist wrote the scientific name of a human being as homo sapiens. Identify two mistakes which were made by the scientist.

(b) Figure 1 consists of organisms labeled A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H. Use the provided key to identify the organisms by writing down the number of the true statement for the organism until you arrive at the correct name.

Figure 1

• Key

la. Antennae present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

lb. Antennae absent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

2a.Wings absent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anostraca

2b. Wings present  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3a. Wings stretched/open . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diptera

3b. Wings not stretched/closed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Orthoptera

4a. Body with legs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

4b. Body without legs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

5a. Legs two pair  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

5b. Legs four pair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scorpiones

6a. Body with segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cestoda

6b. Body without segmented . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

7a. Tail present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primate

7b.Tail absent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

8a. Dorsal lin present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Teleostei

8b. Dorsal lin absent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Squamata

9a. Body elongated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

9b. Body not elongated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4. (a) Calculate the magnification of the specimen if its linear dimension is 2 cm and the linear dimension of its drawing is 6 cm.

(b) A Form Two student drew a diagram of a fish as seen in Figure 2. Observe the diagram carefully and identify four principles of biological drawing which were violated by the student.

Figure 2

(c) State two purposes of recording by biological drawing.

5. Figure 3 is a section through a mammalian ovary. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Figure 3

(a) Arrange the labeled A, B, C, D, E and F in a correct sequence starting from the first to the last stage of oogenesis.

(b) Why is it not advisable to undergo surgical operation which involves removal of the structure represented by Figure 3 for the first three weeks of pregnancy? Give four points.

6. (a) Carbon dioxide and water are the raw materials of photosynthesis while sunlight energy, chlorophyll, and optimum temperature are the important conditions for effective photosynthesis. Under which condition does each of the following factors limit the process of photosynthesis?

1. Temperature
2. Carbon dioxide concentration

(b) A certain person encountered a motorcycle accident which severely damaged his Brunner's gland. State six digestive processes which will be impaired in that person.

7. (a) Coordination in human beings involves both the endocrine and nervous systems. How do endocrine and nervous coordination differ? Provide five points.

(b) How are nervous tissues adapted for their roles? Provide five points.

8. Describe the structure of mammalian lungs. Use nine points.

9. The transport of materials in an organism may be passive or active. How do active and passive transportation of materials differ? Give seven points.

10. Describe the process which leads to the formation of embryo and endosperm in flowering plants.

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL OF TANZANIA

ADVANCED CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

 133/2 BIOLOGY 2

(For Both Private and School Candidates)

Duration: 3 Hour Year: 2023

Instructions

1. This paper consists of six(06) questions.
2. Answer five(05) questions
3. Each question carries twenty(20) marks.
4. All writing must be in black or blue ink except drawings which must be in pencil
5. Communication devices and any unauthorized are not allowed in the examination room
6. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).

1. Describe lytic and lysogenic life cycles of a bacteriophage (diagram is not required).

2. In five points, describe ways in which mammals are adapted to cold and hot environments.

3. Describe growth patterns of fish, human beings, and arthropods.

4. Using genetic crosses, describe the mode of inheritance of haemophilia and sickle cell anaemia.

5. (a) Explain six essential features of natural selection.

(b) Describe how geographical, reproductive, and genetic isolations bring about speciation.

6. (a) With the help of a diagram, describe a typical marine food chain.

(b) In six points, justify the fact that food chains in the ecosystem are limited to a certain number of trophic levels.